Photo by John Kelly
October 13, 2003 WHOLEGRAIN VEGAN YEAST BREADS (INCLUDING ONE GLUTEN-FREE RECIPE)
Check out these sites for reliable recipes and advice:
http://www.kingarthurflour.com/cgibin/start/ahome/main.html
(Click on "our favorite recipes", then whatever main category you want, then "whole-grain" for the sub-category.)
Bread Bakers Guild of America "Stalking the World-Wide Breads ":
http://www.bbga.org/breads.html
The Science of making bread:
http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/bread/index.html
The Fleischman's yeast page-- Canadian and US-- LOTS of info:
http://www.breadworld.com/
My favorite bread book (not all wholegrain, though): "The Bread Baker's Apprentice" by Peter Reinhart.
WHITE WHOLE WHEAT FLOUR
There is a new strain of wheat that is causing a buzz among bread-bakers and wheat producers. It is hard white whole wheat. It produces a superior bread flour, with a “sweet” taste” and a light color. This appeals to many people who would like to eat whole grains, but object to the heavy, brown qualities
If you would like to read more about this, check out:
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/columncc/cc000811.html
(“The Other White Bread”)
Here are sources of hard white whole wheat flour and grain:
http://www.kswheat.com/research/HardWhite/HWWsources.htm
IN CANADA:
I have been able to buy a 20 kg bag of organic hard white wheat in British Columbia for under $17 Cnd! Here is the source:
http://www.anitasorganicmill.com/
I understand that a strain of soft white wheat is also being grown—this would be great for whole wheat pastry flour!
NOTE: I use Fleischmann’s regular dry active baking yeast.
BRIAN'S BREAD makes 4 large loaves
This is my husband’s recipe, our daily bread, and we love it. The sesame seeds at the bottom of the pan really make it delicious! It’s a crusty bread, too, and contains no sugar (yeast can feed off the starch in the flour).
5 c. very warm water
1 T. dry active baking yeast
1/4 c. oil
2 T. salt
1 c. rolled oats
1/2 c. wheat bran
7 c. wholewheat flour (hard wheat flour)
about 4 c. unbleached white flour, or until the dough pulls away cleanly from the sides of the bowl
raw hulled sesame seeds
Dissolve the yeast in the warm water for 5 minutes or so. Mix in a large bowl (or bowl of a heavy-duty mixer that can handle 4 loaves, like a Bosch) with the wholewheat flour, bran, oats, salt and oil. Mix briefly, then mix or knead in the unbleached flour.
Knead in heavy-duty bread machine or by hand 8-10 minutes. (If kneading by hand, use as little flour as possible. Use a little oil on your hands and the kneading surface, if necessary.) Transfer to a large oiled bowl, oil top, cover with plastic and let rise for about 1 and 1/2-2 hours. Punch down and let rise about another 1-1 and 1/2 hours. Shape into 4 even loaves and place in dark 8x4x1/2" loaf pans, bottoms sprinkled generously with raw hulled sesame seeds. Cover and let rise about 30-45 minutes, or til well-rounded over the tops of the pans.
Meanwhile, preheat oven to 500 degrees F.
Just before baking, slash the loaves in a cross with a razor blade and squirt loaves with water. Place the loaves in the middle of the oven. Bake 5 minutes, then turn heat down to about 350 degrees F and bake about 20-25 minutes (18 in a convection oven) more, or until loaves are golden brown and crusty. Remove from pans and cool on racks.
BRYANNA’S BASIC TENDER 100% WHOLEWHEAT BREAD
2 large loaves
(I would double this recipe for the Bosch, everything except the yeast);
3/4 c. very warm water or potato cooking water
1 T. sweetener of choice
1 tsp. dry active baking yeast
2 c. warm water, potato cooking water, or soymilk
1 T. salt
2 T. oil
7 c. wholewheat flour
OPTIONAL:
1/3 c. potato flour or starch (you don’t need this if you use potato cooking water, but I like to add it if I use water or soymilk, as it makes a lighter, softer wholewheat bread)
up to 1/3 c. soy flour
Dissolve the yeast in the 3/4 c. warm liquid, along with the sweetener. When bubbly, mix with the remaining ingredients in a large bowl (or bowl of a heavy-duty mixer that can handle 4 loaves, like a Bosch), including about 4 c. of the flour. When that is well mixed, mix or knead in the remaining flour. Knead in heavy-duty bread machine or by hand 8-10 minutes. (If kneading by hand, use as little flour as possible. Use a little oil on your hands and the kneading surface, if necessary.) Transfer to a large oiled bowl, oil top, cover with plastic and let rise for about 1 and 1/2-2 hours. Punch down and let rise about another 1-1 and 1/2 hours. Shape into 2 even loaves and place in greased 9 x5 x 1/2" loaf pans. Cover and let rise about 30-45 minutes, or til well-rounded over the tops of the pans.
Meanwhile, preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
Just before baking, squirt loaves with water. (You can slash them with a razor blade if you like.) Place the loaves in the middle of the oven and bake for about 30 minutes, or until golden. Remove from pans immediately and cool on racks.
VARIATIONS:
SWEET BREAD DOUGH: use up to 1/2 c. sweetener of your choice and up to 1/2 c. oil or Earth Balance; use 2 T. yeast.
MULTI-GRAIN BREAD: You can use any other cereal, or wholegrain flour instead of up to 2 and 1/2 c. of the flour.
MAPLE AND OAT BREAD: Use 1/4 c. maple syrup for the sweetener, and up to 1/4 c. oil. Use 1/2 c. oat bran and 1 and 1/2 c. oatmeal in place of 2 c. wholewheat flour. You can make these into round loaves, if you like. Brush the loaves with Cornstarch Glaze before baking (see below), and sprinkle with this Topping: 1/2 T. poppy seeds, 1/2 T. sesame seeds, 1 T. rolled oats, 1 T. sunflower seeds.
NUT OR SEED BREAD: You can add about 1/2 c. seeds to the dough-- sunflower, ground flax, sesame, poppy, etc.-- or chopped nuts.
GLAZED BREAD: You can brush the top with this Starch Glaze for a shiny crust: In a small saucepan, mix 1/2 c. cold water with 1 tsp. corn or wheat starch (or other). Stir over high heat until thickened and clear. You can use this instead of an egg white glaze to stick things to the top of the loaf-- seeds, etc.
FOR AN INTERESTING SEED TOPPING, sprinkle the tops after glazing (glaze just before placing in oven) with a mixture of 2 T. each oatmeal and sunflower seeds, and 1 T. each poppy and sesame seeds.
OTHER IDEAS: Use some juice, tofu whey or broth in place of water. Soymilk will make a tender, but more expensive bread. You can add up to 2 c. dried fruit. You can add spices, herbs, sauteed garlic and onions, whatever else sounds interesting.
BRYANNA’S CRACKED WHEAT-CORN YEAST BREAD
makes 2/ 9x5” loaves
A delicious combination of whole grains in a tender, moist bread.
2 c. boiling water (you can use leftover water from boiling potatoes—this makes a light whole grain bread; or use water with 1/4 c. mashed potato flakes)
1 c. bulgur wheat
3/4 c. warm water
1 T. dry active baking yeast
2/3 c. stone ground cornmeal
1/4 c. oil
1/4 c. maple syrup
1 T. salt
1 T. ground flax seeds
1 T. sesame seeds
about 6 and 1/3 c. wholewheat flour
Pour the boiling water over the bulgur wheat in a medium bowl and let it set until it is lukewarm.
Dissolve the yeast in the 3/4 c. warm water. When bubbly, mix with the remaining ingredients, including the soaked bulgur and about 4 c. of the flour, in a large bowl (or bowl of a heavy-duty mixer that can handle 4 loaves, like a Bosch). When that is well mixed, mix or knead in the remaining flour. Knead in heavy-duty bread machine or by hand 8-10 minutes. (If kneading by hand, use as little flour as possible. Use a little oil on your hands and the kneading surface, if necessary.) Transfer to a large oiled bowl, oil top, cover with plastic and let rise for about 1 and 1/2-2 hours. Punch down and let rise about another 1-1 and 1/2 hours. Shape into 2 even loaves and place in greased 9 x5 x 1/2" loaf pans. Cover and let rise about 30-45 minutes, or til well-rounded over the tops of the pans.
Meanwhile, preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
Just before baking, squirt loaves with water. (You can slash them with a razor blade if you like.) Place the loaves in the middle of the oven and bake for about 30 minutes, or until golden. Remove from pans immediately and cool on racks.
BRYANNA’S IRISH MONASTERY OAT BREAD
makes 2 large round or oval free-standing loaves
If you like rolled oats, you’ll love this farm-style bread. It can also be baked in three 8and 1/2 by 5 and 1/2” loaf pans or medium-sized flowerpots . (They should be new pots, “seasoned” in a hot oven for an hour after greasing the insides of the pots generously with vegetable shortening—if you don’t do this your loaves will end up glued to the pots! Grease them again before placing the dough in them.)
3 and 3/4 c. soymilk, scalded and then cooled to body temperature
2 tsp. dry active baking yeast
2 tsp. maple syrup
6 c. wholewheat flour
5 and 1/3 c. rolled oats
4 tsp. salt
1/3 c. melted non-dairy margarine (Earth Balance)
Dissolve the yeast in the warm soymilk, along with the maple syrup. When bubbly, mix with the flour, in a large bowl (or bowl of a heavy-duty mixer that can handle 4 loaves, like a Bosch). Beat this batter with an electric mixer or by hand for several minutes. Cover and let rise in a warm place until doubled.
Stir in the salt, melted margarine and rolled oats. Knead in heavy-duty bread machine or by hand 8-10 minutes. (If kneading by hand, use as little flour as possible. Use a little oil on your hands and the kneading surface, if necessary.)
Shape into 2 round or oval loaves and place on greased cookie sheets (or use 3 greased loaf pans or flower pots, as described above). Brush the tops with oil, cover and let rise until doubled.
Meanwhile, preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
Just before baking, brush the loaves with soymilk and sprinkle with rolled oats. (You can slash them with a razor blade if you like.) Place the loaves in the middle of the oven and bake for about 30 minutes, or until golden brown. Remove from pans immediately and cool on racks.
BRYANNA’S BLENDER SOY BREAD Makes 3 big loaves
A blender is must for making this unusual recipe, which incorporates soaked dried soybeans and whole wheat kernels to make a delicious, nutritious whole grain bread.
1 c. whole wheat kernels (hard winter wheat)
1 c. dried soybeans
3 c. water
1/2 c. warm water
1 T. dry active baking yeast
1 tsp. sugar
1/4 c. oil
1/4 c. brown sugar or Sucanat
4 and 1/2 tsp. salt
approximately 8 c. wholewheat flour (or, you can use 1/2 unbleached)
In a large bowl, soak the wheat kernels and the soybeans in the 3 c. water for 24 hours.
When ready to make the bread, drain off the water and warm it to about 100 degrees F. Dissolve the yeast and 1 tsp. sugar in the 1/2 c. warm water. Let stand for 10 minutes.
Meanwhile, grind the soaked wheat and soybeans, using some of the warmed soaking water with each batch, until it is all used up (wheat, soybeans and soaking water). You can add up to 1/2 c. extra warm water, if you run out of soaking water (don’t attempt to grind the beans and wheat without some liquid!). Grind it as fine as you can.
Pour all of this into a large bowl, along with the dissolved yeast and add the salt, oil and sugar. Slowly add flour until a kneadable dough is formed.
Knead in heavy-duty bread machine or by hand 8-10 minutes. (If kneading by hand, use as little flour as possible. Use a little oil on your hands and the kneading surface, if necessary.) Transfer to a large oiled bowl, oil top, cover with plastic and let rise for about 1 and 1/2-2 hours, or until doubled. Punch down and let rise about another 1-1 and 1/2 hours. Shape into 3 equal loaves and place in greased 9 x5 x 1/2" loaf pans. Cover and let rise about 30-45 minutes, or til well-rounded over the tops of the pans.
Meanwhile, preheat oven to 375 degrees F.
Just before baking, squirt loaves with water. (You can slash them with a razor blade if you like.) Place the loaves in the middle of the oven and bake for about 45 minutes, or until golden. Remove from pans immediately and cool on racks.
BRYANNA’S ALBERTA WHEAT BERRY BREAD
makes 3/ 9x5” loaves
A delicious bread with excellent texture. You need to start thinking about making it 2 days ahead, but it’s simple to make.
4 c. hard wheat berries
2 T. regular baking yeast
1/2 c. warm water
1/4 c. mashed potato flakes (you can get the organic variety in a health food store)
1/4 c. oil
1/4 c. maple syrup
4 tsp. salt
6 c. wholewheat flour
In a large bowl, soak the wheat berries in the water to cover generously for 48 hours.
When ready to make the bread, drain off the water and warm it to about 100 degrees F. Dissolve the yeast in the 1/2 c. warm water. Let stand for 10 minutes.
Meanwhile, grind the soaked wheat in a blender with 3 c. (total) of the warmed soaking water. You will have to do this in batches that your blender can handle. You can add up to 1/2 c. extra warm water, if you run out of soaking water (don’t attempt to grind the wheat without some liquid!). Grind it as fine as you can.
Pour all of this into a large bowl, along with the dissolved yeast, potato flakes, salt, oil and maple syrup. Slowly add flour until a kneadable dough is formed. Let the dough rest 10 minutes before kneading.
Knead in heavy-duty bread machine or by hand 8-10 minutes. (If kneading by hand, use as little flour as possible. Use a little oil on your hands and the kneading surface, if necessary.) Transfer to a large oiled bowl, oil top, cover with plastic and let rise for about 1 hour, or until doubled. Shape into 3 equal loaves and place in greased 9 x5 x 1/2" loaf pans. Cover and let rise about 30-45 minutes, or til well-rounded over the tops of the pans.
Meanwhile, preheat oven to 325 degrees F.
Place the loaves in the middle of the oven and bake for about 1 hour and 15 minutes, or until golden. Remove from pans immediately and cool on racks.
BRYANNA’S GLUTEN-FREE DAIRY-AND-EGG-FREE HIGH-FIBER YEAST BREAD
Makes 2/ 8 and1/2 x 4 and 1/2" loaves
(wheat-free and can be soy-free)
Grease the pans really well-- this sticks easily. This really looks, smells and tastes like bread! You can slice it easily, toast it, and make breadcrumbs out of it. It is moist and tasty.
This is easy to make and, if you are currently buying commercial gluten-free bread, this will save you money!
YEAST MIXTURE:
1 and 3/4 c. warm water
1 packet dry active yeast (2 and 1/2 tsp.)
1 tsp. unbleached sugar
WET MIX:
1 c. water
1/4 c. flaxseeds
2 T. plus 2 tsp. EnerG egg replacer powder
1/4 c. olive oil or melted Earth Balance
1/2 tsp. agar powder OR 1 T. agar flakes
1 and 1/2 tsp. vinegar
4 tsp. molasses
DRY MIX:
4 c. Bryanna’s Gluten-Free High-Fiber Flour Mix
1/4 c. instant mashed potato flakes (you can buy an organic brand in health food stores)
6 T. sugar (dark or light)
3 T. soy or rice milk powder
1 T. plus 1 tsp. xanthan or guar gum
1 T. salt
Mix together the Yeast Mixture and let stand 5 minutes. Meanwhile, blend ithe flaxseeds and 1 c. water in the blender. When frothy, with just bits of flaxseed hull in it, add the remaining Wet Mix ingredients and blend. In a bowl, the dry Mix ingredients together well.
Add the frothed-up yeast mixture to the blended flaxseed mixture and blend briefly. Dump this into the bowl of a stand-up electric mixer. Gradually beat in the flour mixture until it is all mixed in. Beat for 3 and 1/2 minutes. Scrape the dough (it's actually a really thick batter) evenly into 2 well-greased 8 and 1/2 by 4 and 1/2” loaf pans and smooth the tops. Cover and let rise in a warm place 1 hour, or to the tops of the pans.
Have the oven preheated to 400 degrees F. Bake the breads for 20 minutes, then reduce heat to 350 degrees F and cover the breads with foil. Bake 30 minutes more. Loosen the edges with a knife and carefully remove from pans to a rack to cool thoroughly before slicing. Can be frozen.
BRYANNA'S GLUTEN-FREE HIGH-FIBER FLOUR MIX Makes about 13 c.
7 and 1/2 c. brown rice flour (I ground it from short grain brown rice)
2 and 1/2 c. potato starch
1 and 1/4 c. tapioca flour
1 c. ground flax seed
1 c. chickpea flour (or soy flour)
4 and 1/2 T. xanthan or guar gum
Mix well and store in a moisture-proof container in in the freezer. Use cup-for-cup instead of regular flour.
NOTE: Because non-gluten flours lack the structure that gluten provides, xanthan gum or guar gum (available in health food stores) is often added to gluten-free baked goods. This mixture contains enough xanthan or guar gum for cakes, cookies, pancakes, and quick breads. For yeast breads, you may have to add up to 1 tsp. more gum per cup of gluten-free flour. (This has already been figured into the recipe above.)